Producer of Motive and Pneumatic Energy

Thanks to the translation by Silvia Wahl

In view of the problem with scarce energy sources, I have developed a method for the sake of fully solving the energy crisis. This method is based on the force of gravity, and how it acts on water and air for the production of energy in a constant manner and without using up resources. That is to say that neither air nor water are consumed. In this absolutely clean way, unlimited energy is obtained at no operational cost and risk free. Currently, I have been testing this hypothesis and experimenting with a prototype of the device, which I invented, and which I have called “Producer of Motive and Pneumatic Energy”.

Even though certain development stages are still missing, it is my wish to share my invention with the world at large, for the sake of prompt results and their dissemination worldwide. The above is the exact reason why I am creating this blog: sharing full information on the “Producer of Motive and Pneumatic Energy” and replying all ensuing queries. I am convinced that the more people get involved and the more the insight on the subject, the better the Producer will be implemented and the greater its probabilities of success -always keeping in mind the idea of really solving the energy problem. Therefore, I state that I am the creator of the “Producer of Motive and Pneumatic Energy”, which description I enclose, and I further state that this invention is not to be patented, which means that I grant everyone permission to use this discovery and manufacture it. In other words, that anyone may use it and manufacture it without asking for permission from anyone (including myself), thus precluding exclusive appropriation and its becoming the object of a letter patent. I intend for the “Producer of Motive and Pneumatic Energy” to be a legacy to mankind, one which may be manufactured by as many people and in as many places in the world as possible, for the sake of easing the current energy problem.

For the purpose above, I submit a written and graphical description of the Producer, much in the same way as if I were submitting a request for a letter patent. I reiterate my intention to grant free universal usage of this new contraption. I offer it to the world so that it will be within the reach of each individual inhabitant. However, this will not imply any right or any obligation towards me or anyone else.

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF FROILAN F. SALAYA’S INVENTION.PRODUCER OF MOTIVE AND PNEUMATIC ENERGY
The Producer is a rotating device from which mechanic energy may be obtained at the outlet of any of its shafts. Its operation is straightforward as it is based on Archimedes’ buoyant force principle.A series of vessels (like drawers with only one open side) (Figure 1), are aligned one after the other along a conveyor belt (Figure 2) and submerged in water, in such a way that the ascending drawers are full of air in the inside and when they come to the highest point to begin the descending cycle, the air in them is lost and they are filled with water because of the change in their relative position (Figure 3).

FIGURE 1

FIGURE 2

The cycle is continuous since at the bottom end of the descending stage there is a semi-cylindrical chamber or “cradle” (9), shown in Figure 3, which seals the passage of water and allows the air back into the drawers. This is achieved because each drawer opens radially when rotating at the bottom gear, generating empty spaces which are filled with atmospheric air. This air flows in through an opening at ambient pressure.

FIGURE 3

The device works based on the buoyancy of submerged bodies principle. In this case, the bodies are drawers which act like “diving bells”, pulling the conveyor belt.As shown in Figure 3, the drawers on the right form a true column of air which pushes upwards, whereas the left column, with water-filled drawers, generates a downward force. In a nutshell, a torque is generated which rotates the device in an ongoing, permanent fashion.The key to this operation is the addition of air from below the water column. This is achieved by drawers opening as they rotate. Since drawers seal one another and “cradle” walls block water passage, air is allowed in. Once straightened, the vessels are filled with air and a driving force is produced.

The following video shows how the principle operates in the Producer of Motive and Pneumatic Energy:

Note: In my capacity of author of this invention, I state that same is what is known as non-patentable subject matter. That is to say, this contrivance is meant for dissemination worldwide, whichever the usage, and such dissemination shall not imply any right or obligation to me or to anyone else.Froilán Francisco Salaya

DESCRIPTION

The principle of this invention is that gases, gravity and fluids participate in the production of motive and pneumatic energy according to weight and buoyant force principles.Current status of the technique – problems to be solved:
We all know that the development of new, cleaner, and lower-cost energy sources is essential. It is also important for energy to be generated as close as possible to where it is consumed. The procedure being proposed here is clean and stand-alone. This kind of energy may be used to remediate accumulated environmental pollution and to enhance geographic resources which are not in production today, in such a way that the whole process will be value-added and more widespread. As a result, there shall be greater respect for human resources, at an increased income for them.

High energy costs prevent hydrogen from becoming competitive. With this device, energy for production (water-sourced) is zero cost or almost, and, as I submit to you here, it will be able to compete ecologically in transportation. To date, so-called alternative energies are regrettably insufficient or expensive. Only hydraulic, combustion, and atomic energies are left as an option, but they require expensive, monopolistic peripherals which are harmful to the environment and ever more scarce. I believe that the energy Producer I put forward here is a contribution to solving lack of energy and energy supply problems. It is a device requiring no peripherals or large, extensive networks, and it may be installed within a water tank or in stagnant waters, rivers, urban networks, etc.; also in mountains and deserts. When we say ‘poverty, unmet basic needs, lack of employment opportunities, low income, pollution’, we are saying that we fall short of having clean, inexpensive energy. Thus, for example, if we are out to tap on residential waste, and on industrial or urban wastewaters, we need clean, low-cost energy. This Producer is low cost and may be offered -even for free- to governments, families, farms, industries, institutions, etc., so that employment will no longer be a “scarce good”.

PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION
This contraption uses the fluid or the water inside a tank, or in rivers, lakes, seas, mountains, deserts, urban tap water, etc. Inside the water, there are vertical translation elements which rotate on top and bottom shafts. The set transports containers, drawers or other vessels -rigid enough to sustain hydraulic pressure-, which are full of water and air or other gases. The drawers must have one of their sides partially or totally open, because when they go up they will work as a “diving bell”, and when they go down on the other side they are filled with liquid. They fill with air or gases because the conveying/translation/transportation system forms a semi-cylinder at the lower end, for upward rotation. At the bottom, drawers open radially and are filled with room air or gases through one or more inlets. For this to happen, at the lower side the system is equipped with seals, resilient elements, or others, contained in a semi-cylindrical cavity. The drawers go by, touching and sealing the laterals and the planes, so no fluid goes in, other than that of one single drawer or vessel. Since no more fluid is allowed in, empty spaces appear which are filled with air through one or more inlets. That is to say, the main reaction consists in feeding air or gases into the drawers (bottom end) for them to become “floating bodies” generating rotational motive energy. This motive energy may be obtained from the bottom or top shaft. If the Producer works without a lid at the top, it only produces motive energy. If the Producer is closed at the top, the left-over air will generate pneumatic energy. If this energy is harnessed and/or restricted by means of one or more valves, hydraulic pressure will increase, thus increasing motive energy. Motive or pneumatic energy will depend on the size of the energy Producer. Gravity is inverted. We may say that this hydraulic energy source is the opposite of the energy driving the water columns which rotate dam turbines, only here it is not necessary to renew the water, nor is it necessary to have a “waterfall”.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Different figures illustrate the purpose of the above invention for the sake of clear understanding, showing the different parts and mechanisms. Given the fact that this motive and pneumatic energy Producer operates both partially or fully submerged in water, or in existing waters, or inside a tank (hence, the possibility of different sections, sizes or water levels), the shape of the tank is not shown in certain illustrations. This tank may be underground, or even take advantage of the depth of building basements, the depth of rivers, water networks, etc., as well as use the height of buildings and building structures. Some figures illustrate variants which may better serve the purpose of understanding the whole.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figure 1, left hand corner, shows the water-filled vessels exerting downward pressure. To the right, the vessels are full of air, exerting pressure upwards. Each vessel drops water, one at a time, when opening radially in 1 ; 2 and 3. This is made possible by a seal (4) which prevents more water from coming down from the top. The amount of water does not match the amount of air coming in. Since the vessels or drawers keep rotating, three or more units are sealed. The air fills the drawers because they are hollow –they have no bottom lid- but the sides and top are watertight, so they work as a “diving bell”. The excess of air goes up. The air for each drawer comes in through (5). As an alternative, the air may come in through (6); (7) or (8) connected to regulatable valves. Both water and air are carried through a “cradle” (9) with a semi-cylindrical cavity having a resilient or elastic surface, or with joints or other sealing devices for each drawer.

FIGURE 1

Figure 2 shows a perspective of the “cradle” (resilient or elastic surface), illustrating the volume of air in (2) and the volume of water in (1) falling from each drawer.

FIGURE 2

Figure 3 illustrates the “cradle”.

FIGURE 3

Figure 4 shows the cradle section.

FIGURE 4

Figure 5 illustrates the conveyor belt where drawers are attached.

FIGURE 5

Figure 6 corresponds to the hex gear transmission shafts.

FIGURE 6

Figure 7 illustrates how the concave drawers are attached to the conveyor belt. This example shows the alternative of placing a semi-angled seal in each drawer, to act as a hydraulic, “double purpose” cylinder, i.e. sealing both when drawers come down and go up.

FIGURE 7

Figure 8 illustrates how the drawers are attached to the transmission system.

FIGURE 8

Figure 9 illustrates the concave drawer.

FIGURE 9

Figure 10 shows the gear, hexagonal (this section shown below), or a multi-sided polygonal gear, which may be shifted out of phase to load the odd drawers.

FIGURE 10

Figure 11 represents a joint which allows sealing the way a “double effect” pneumatic or hydraulic seal would; i.e. the “cradle” is the smooth surface, and the drawers do the sealing with one wing when coming down and with the other wing when going up.

FIGURE 11

Figure 12 seeks to illustrate that if drawers are smooth (with or without curved surfaces), they will sit on the “cradle” which has been lined with a long-haired carpet to accomplish sealing.

FIGURE 12

Figure 13 is a variant of Figure 12. In this case, the sealing, resilient, or elastic surface is a flexible sponge which has been glued to cradle walls and on which there is an elastic membrane that accomplishes sealing when drawers move by.

FIGURE 13

Figure 14 shows how it is possible for drawers to reduce their curved surface when going through the cradle, thus decreasing friction.

FIGURE 14

Figures 15 and 16 summarize all of the above.
Figure 15 is a crosswise section of the Producer, where No.1 illustrates the two shafts and bearings where hex gears are fixed (wheels or chains and gears). The latter is shown in No. 2. Transportation is achieved by a conveyor belt sealed by No. 3, to which the drawers, represented by No. 4, are attached. No. 5 illustrates the point where each drawer is fixed to the belt. The open-sided drawers carry No. 6. The drawers may be separated or not, as pointed by No. 7. Eventual separation will be ensured by separators No. 8, of which there may be four if installed only at the outer corners, as illustrated in Figure 15. The drawers themselves may touch and seal one another, there may be several separators or conical sockets between them. The closed side of drawers is represented by No. 9; the open side, by No. 10. Numbers 11; 12; 13 & 14 represent fixed and/or regulatable air/gas inlets - when drawers open radially at the bottom. The sense of rotation of the drawers is represented by No. 15; water level, by No. 16. Top drawers open radially and the air gone up is compressed. Air outlets No. 17; 18 & 19 may vent freely or be regulatable. If the air outlet is blocked, pneumatic pressure goes up and, therefore, so do the hydraulic and motive pressure. No. 20 identifies the approximate place where resilient surfaces and/or seals prevent more water than that of one drawer from going down. This position may go up in case of major hydraulic pressure. Then, No. 21 shows the approximate place where seals and resilient surfaces are no longer present. This is approximately the place where the water accumulated in the cradle will flow towards the water in the general tank, and where any excess air will flow out. No. 22 indicates the water level for the first drawer opening radially. No. 23 corresponds to residual (vis-à-vis water) air. No. 24 identifies the water level for the second drawer. No. 25 illustrates the second air space. No. 26 illustrates the third water level. No. 27 represents the last space of air filling the first air-filled drawer to take air upwards, initiating a continuous column of air-filled drawers going up until they turn radially at the top and are submerged, getting filled with the fluid contained in the tank or with the water coming from different geographic locations. This tank, No. 28, contains all the necessary liquid and serves as a main structure. Numbers 11; 12; 13 & 14 will be fixed to a “cradle” - a hollow, semi-cylindrical cavity adjunct to water tank No. 28. Said cavity, represented by No. 29, is completely covered (sides and rounded area) by a resilient surface, including part of the hexagonal surfaces, to prevent any liquid -other than that from each drawer- from going in and down. Since there is more air or gas space than liquid space, some potential deficiency in sealing may be tolerated. On the other hand, each drawer may have seals or be smooth, the semi-cylindrical cavity surface may be smooth, and the drawers may be equipped with seals to control water passage. No. 30 indicates possible joints to assemble tank No. 28. No. 31 illustrates access through a “manhole”. No. 32 represents drawers full of water or of any other liquid. No. 33 indicates that drawers are full of air or any other gases. Any gas having economic value may be recovered by connecting outlet/s No. 17; 18 or 19 to inlet/s No. 11; 12; 13 or 14, with the option of generating intermediate pneumatic energy. No. 34 shows that drawers may have one or more sides of a semi-circular shape, or any other shape which may improve, decrease or soften the specific surface, and avoid pressure on straight edges. No. 35 & 36 correspond to any drawers which may be assisted by wheels, cylinders or guides for better alignment, even when a set of identical drawers (or slightly conical ones) will help form a straight column full of liquids, gases or air. Such guides, cylinders or wheels may be placed at different distances, towards the inside of chains or conveyor belts, or to comprise all the front sides of the drawers going up and/or down, as well as on drawer sides. Tank No. 28 must be impermeable or be replaced by a structure which will work in water, be it river, lake, or sea water. Figure 15 includes a lid, or a top “cradle”, or seals to allow for polymerization, blending, grinding, etc., while preserving cleanliness and/or the standardization of production, without preventing pneumatic or motive energy generation. Figure 16 is an example without any seals or top cradle, and the lid may be positioned at different levels as well as have structural shapes to better sustain greater pneumatic pressures or larger volumes of this pressure. It must have at least a regulatable outlet valve. Without it, or if the valve is fully open, only motive energy will be produced.

FIGURE 15

FIGURE 16

FURTHER DETAILS AVAILABLE; DOCUMENTS MAY BE SENT BY E-MAIL UPON REQUEST froilansalaya@gmail.com

REMARKS

From the above, it may be assumed that this Producer breathes like human beings (in a body which is approx. 80% water) to be alive and produce energy.As do most plants and animals on emerged lands.FURTHER DETAILS AND HIGHLIGHTS:This energy Producer will also work under floating conditions, with no need for a main tank, if using a support structure sturdy enough to sustain water action. As an alternative, the structure may be regulated to the suitable water level. Ships and floating platforms are not to be ruled out.
In this mechanism, when drawers go up or come down, they support themselves on other drawers (with or without separators) to form as straight a column as possible. This characteristic may be further ensured by installing wheels, cylinders or guides on the inside, on the sides or inside chains or conveyor belts, for the sake of ensuring a straight alignment, in particular at the top.
Pneumatic energy may be tapped and applied to closed-circuit gases having some economic value, if an expansion chamber is added before gas re-use.
This producer may improve irrigation water if magnets and/or isotopes are added. It is also possible to de-polymerize water, polymerize gases with fluids or to ferment or perform other reactions or functions such as grinding, blending, etc., taking advantage of its air/water tightness and the permanence of gases/liquids in constant movement, both in the presence or absence of pressure. For this purpose, heat exchange coils may be added, as well as catalysts, antifoaming agents, emulsifiers, etc., without interrupting the simultaneous production of motive and pneumatic energy.The number of drawers in the Producer may be even or odd, in accordance with the transportation or transmission system (gears, rolls, chains or other).If the Producer is to work inside a tank, the latter may be any shape, preferably round. If it is round, drawers may be shaped as half circles, in such a way that they will work by pulling, making the system more cost-effective and efficient.Each drawer may have a flexor element, i.e. a hinge, rubber piece, etc, suitable for joining drawers and replacing chains or conveyor belts.Water level may fluctuate considerably without affecting water purpose but varying its energy.Each drawer in this Producer may be conical for the sake of fitting them into one another, as a result of which they will align themselves in a straight column.
At the same time, the cradle may have sockets to absorb any irregular movements caused by polygonal gears. This would also help winged seals to move in, free from distortions.

HYPOTHESIS AND PRODUCTION SCALES One or more Producers of this type of energy, appropriately calculated, may replace dams and/or turbines - since what these Producers do is invert the force of gravity acting on the water columns which move turbines.It would also be possible to replace thermo-electric and nuclear energy plants; as well as to produce at very small scales, according to the requirements in each place, thus doing away with large and extensive distribution networks. To provide a simple example: a 10m high residential building – if the section effecting the upward drive is 4m2, we will have 40m3, i.e. 40,000kg of only motive drive. Subtracting any applicable friction and air compressibility (according to Boyle’s law), we will have a slightly lower output. But these losses may be compensated by the simultaneous generation of pneumatic energy in the upper chamber.

ADVANTAGESThese principles for the production of motive and pneumatic energy are not limited by geographic or climatic conditions. The whole planet might be covered with greenery. In the future, deserts will only be seen at museums. Pollution, including existing pollution, will disappear for ever. The planet will be under-populated, even at higher demographic growth rates. Inputs to produce this energy are lavish: the combination of gravity, atmosphere and water (stagnant or other).


BOYLE’S LAW IN THE MOTIVE AND PNEUMATIC ENERGY PRODUCER


Boyle’s Gas LawIn 1662, Robert Boyle discovered the mathematical relationship between pressure and the volume of a definite amount of gas at constant temperature. According to Boyle’s law, at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to a definite amount of gas. The mathematical expression of the law isP x V = k (isothermal process)The magnitude of constant k is a function of the chemical amount of gas and temperature.
For two different states, 1 and 2, the law impliesP1V1 = P2 V2That is to say that if Boyle’s law is applied to the physical behavior of a gas, at constant temperature and assuming an ideal behavior, it may be concluded that if we double the pressure on a definite amount of gas, its volume will be reduced by half. If the volume of a definite amount of gas is tripled, the pressure will be reduced by one third.

SURFACE at 1 atm. Full
At 10 meter atm 1/2 full
At 20 meter atm 1/3 full
At 30 meter atm 1/4 full
At 35 meter atm 22% full
1 atm = 10-meter water column







HOW DOES WATER COME OUT OF THE CRADLE DESPITE THE HIGH PRESSURE IN THE TANK?

For water to come out of the tank, we need to consider that tank water is under high pressure, proportional to the depth at which it is.Now, this same pressure is exerted on the surface of the drawers both going in and out.The hex gear system at the bottom works as a simple pulley, i.e., it is used to change the direction of the force. Thus, the force exerted by hydrostatic pressure on the left side is transformed, keeping the same magnitude on the right side but going in the exact opposite sense.This means that the ingoing drawer is subjected to the same pressure (water column) as the drawer going out. That is the reason why I say that one pressure deletes the other, and the driving force is the unbalancing force in the system. Same is illustrated in the figure below:


E: driving force of the air-filled drawers on the right.

PT1: Water pressure in the tank, exerted on the ingoing drawer.

PT2: Water pressure in the tank, exerted on the outgoing drawer.

FS: Friction generated by seal-cradle contact.




Aggregate forces are equal to: E - FS

One more way to explain how water goes in again at the lower endIf we consider the bottom shaft as the beam supporting scale pans, or as a see-saw, we will see that the water column force or weight on the up-going containers is equal to that of the down-going containers. For example, if two children are balanced on the “see-saw” and we pull upwards using very little force, we will cause movement by unbalancing.
The same happens with this energy Producer. At a balanced position there is no need to contrast water tank pressure, no need to add the same pressure twice.
Let us take the example of the see-saw in the following illustration. A pair of twins of the same weight (representing the hydraulic pressure on the drawers) is sitting at each end of the see-saw. The device will be balanced and any additional weight or driving force will affect such balance. In the Producer, this is represented by the “diving bell” principle pushing upwards.